پولیو در افغانستان: چالشهای کنونی و مسیرهای ریشهکنسازی
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چکیده
پیشزمینه: ابتکار جهانی ریشهکنی فلج اطفال، آغاز شده در سال ۱۹۸۸، بروز جهانی فلج اطفال را بیش از ۹۹.۹٪ کاهش داده و نوعهای ۲ و ۳ ویروس وحشی فلج اطفال را ریشهکن کرده است. افغانستان و پاکستان آخرین ذخایر ویروس وحشی فلج اطفال نوع ۱ باقی ماندهاند، با انتقال ادامهدار به دلیل ناامنی، محدودیتهای واکسیناسیون خانهبهخانه، تردید در مورد واکسن و ضعف زیرساختهای بهداشتی.
روشها: ما در پایگاههای داده اسکاپوس، پابمد و گوگل اسکالر جستوجو کردیم و از کلیدواژههایی مانند «ریشهکنی فلج اطفال در افغانستان»، «ویروس وحشی فلج اطفال نوع ۱»، «تردید در مورد واکسن» و «واکسیناسیون خانهبهخانه» استفاده نمودیم. منابع بررسی شده شامل مقالات مرور شده و گزارشهای خاکستری، از جمله گزارشهای سازمان جهانی صحت و یونیسف بود.
یافتهها: جستوجو، ۳۴ منبع مرتبط شامل مقالات علمی، گزارشها و ادبیات خاکستری را شناسایی کرد. یافتهها نشان میدهد انتقال ویروس وحشی فلج اطفال نوع ۱ به دلیل ناامنی، محدودیتهای واکسیناسیون و حرکتهای جمعیتی ادامه دارد. پایش محیطی و ژنتیکی، هماهنگی فرامرزی و درسهایی از هند و نیجریه اهمیت ترکیب واکسیناسیون با خدمات بهداشتی گستردهتر، استفاده از ابزارهای دیجیتال مانند سیستمهای اطلاعات جغرافیایی و هوش مصنوعی و تقویت اعتماد جامعه از طریق رهبران محلی را نشان میدهند.
نتیجهگیری: ریشهکنی فلج اطفال در افغانستان نیازمند راهبرد چندجانبه است که واکسیناسیون را با خدمات بهداشتی گستردهتر پیوند دهد، از پایش دیجیتال و مشارکت جامعه بهره گیرد، حمایت سیاسی پایدار داشته باشد و هماهنگی قوی با پاکستان برقرار شود.
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