A Descriptive Cross-Sectional Study of Varicocele Among Men Aged 20-40 Years at Abu Ali Sina Balkhi Regional Hospital

Abstract

Background: Varicocele is one of the most common disorders of the male reproductive system, caused by abnormal dilation and tortuosity of the pampiniform plexus veins within the scrotum. Although often asymptomatic, this condition can significantly affect male fertility, hormonal balance, and quality of life. Today, varicocele is considered one of the most important causes of male infertility, particularly among men aged 20 to 40 years. Timely diagnosis and treatment can prevent complications and functional impairments associated with varicocele. The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence and complications of varicocele among men aged 20 to 40 years admitted to the surgical department of Abu Ali Sina Balkhi Regional Hospital during the first seven months of the year 2025.

Method: This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted using information recorded in the patient files and outpatient records of individuals who presented with testicular related complaints to the Department of surgery at Abu Ali Sina Balkhi Regional Hospital. the study period extended from March 21,2025 - October 22, 2025.

Findings: During this period, 147 patients presented to the surgical department, of whom 42% had grade 3 varicocele and were candidates for surgery, while the remaining 58% presented with mild pain, a sensation of heaviness in the scrotal area, and early-grade varicocele. The prevalence of varicocele among men aged 20 to 40 years in Mazar-e-Sharif was found to be 19.72%.

Conclusion: Given the prevalence of varicocele and its associated complications, the importance of this condition is highlighted. Public awareness, access to well-equipped diagnostic centers for early detection, and lifestyle modification among individuals predisposed to varicocele are essential.